Emerging wheat crops could be at high risk from aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) this autumn, so growers must monitor fields closely and be prepared to treat if necessary, leading agronomy firm Hutchinsons warns.
Latest results from Rothamsted’s aphid monitoring survey show aphid activity started building around two weeks earlier than normal, with numbers of Bird Cherry Oat aphid increasing exponentially from late September into October. Early indications suggest a relatively high proportion (20-30%) of Bird Cherry Oat and Grain Aphids are carrying virus, potentially putting emerging crops at risk, Hutchinsons technical support manager Neil Watson says.
Early-sown wheat may be particularly susceptible this year given that crops are likely to emerge more quickly than normal due to high soil temperatures and good levels of soil moisture, therefore coinciding with this peak in aphid activity, he says.
How long the threat lasts depends greatly on the weather over coming weeks, so frequent crop monitoring during the susceptible period is key to preventing virus problems occurring, he says.
This should be combined with a general risk assessment based on drilling date and other factors to prioritise fields at greatest risk, adds Hutchinsons head of integrated crop management, David Howard. The pest management tool within Omnia allows users to do exactly this, providing risk alerts for individual fields based on drilling date, actual and forecast weather data, and any spray treatments already applied.
It automatically combines this information with the industry’s standard “T-Sum” 170 degree day principle, based on the accumulated daily average air temperature above a baseline of 3ºC, to predict the timing of a second generation appearing after crop emergence.
The Omnia model automatically predicts when crops are likely to emerge based on drilling date and weather data, then measures the T-Sum from that date, Mr Howard explains. Users receive a yellow warning as soon as any field approaches the 170 DD threshold, and then a red warning once it is reached, allowing fields to be prioritised for closer inspection and treatment with a suitable pyrethroid when necessary. Once a spray has been applied, the T-Sum counter is reset after allowing for the appropriate length of persistency from that treatment.
Mr Watson notes that if very high numbers of aphids are seen on relatively small crops, it may be better to spray first and start counting degree days once reinvasion occurs to minimise the risk of early virus infection occurring.
Look out for leaf hoppers
While aphids are the main vector for BYDV, Mr Watson also highlights a possible emerging threat from leaf hoppers (Psammotettix alienus), which are capable of spreading another virus yellows in wheat and barley.
The pest is the only know vector of wheat dwarf virus (WDV) and is relatively common in France and continental Europe. It was first found here in 2012 at a site in Suffolk, however relatively little is known about how, or if, the threat has developed since then, he says.
Placing non-hormone-based sticky traps around sheltered headlands 20m into the field is an effective way of detecting the pest and monitoring numbers from crop emergence onwards, he says.
